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- этимология
Что (кто) такое visceral brain - определение
![[[Andreas Vesalius]]' ''Fabrica'', published in 1543, showing the base of the human brain, including [[optic chiasm]]a, cerebellum, [[olfactory bulb]]s, etc.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1543, Andreas Vesalius' Fabrica, Base Of The Brain.jpg?width=200 "[[Andreas Vesalius]]' ''Fabrica'', published in 1543, showing the base of the human brain, including [[optic chiasm]]a, cerebellum, [[olfactory bulb]]s, etc.")
![Components of the basal ganglia, shown in two cross-sections of the human brain. Blue: [[caudate nucleus]] and [[putamen]]. Green: [[globus pallidus]]. Red: [[subthalamic nucleus]]. Black: [[substantia nigra]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Basal ganglia.svg?width=200 "Components of the basal ganglia, shown in two cross-sections of the human brain. Blue: [[caudate nucleus]] and [[putamen]]. Green: [[globus pallidus]]. Red: [[subthalamic nucleus]]. Black: [[substantia nigra]].")
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![Neurons generate electrical signals that travel along their axons. When a pulse of electricity reaches a junction called a [[synapse]], it causes a neurotransmitter chemical to be released, which binds to receptors on other cells and thereby alters their electrical activity.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chemical synapse schema cropped.jpg?width=200 "Neurons generate electrical signals that travel along their axons. When a pulse of electricity reaches a junction called a [[synapse]], it causes a neurotransmitter chemical to be released, which binds to receptors on other cells and thereby alters their electrical activity.")
![Illustration by [[René Descartes]] of how the brain implements a reflex response](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Descartes-reflex.JPG?width=200 "Illustration by [[René Descartes]] of how the brain implements a reflex response")
![''[[Gulai otak]]'', [[beef brain]] curry from Indonesia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gulai Otak.jpg?width=200 "''[[Gulai otak]]'', [[beef brain]] curry from Indonesia")
![Diagram of signal processing in the [[auditory system]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hearing mechanics cropped.jpg?width=200 "Diagram of signal processing in the [[auditory system]]")
![The [[Human Brain Project]] is a large scientific research project, starting in 2013, which aims to simulate the complete human brain.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Henry Markram - Visualizing Synaptic Maps onto Neocrortical Neurons.jpg?width=200 "The [[Human Brain Project]] is a large scientific research project, starting in 2013, which aims to simulate the complete human brain.")
![Cross-section of a human head, showing location of the [[hypothalamus]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LocationOfHypothalamus.jpg?width=200 "Cross-section of a human head, showing location of the [[hypothalamus]]")
![Model of a neural circuit in the cerebellum, as proposed by [[James S. Albus]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Model of Cerebellar Perceptron.jpg?width=200 "Model of a neural circuit in the cerebellum, as proposed by [[James S. Albus]]")
![Drawing by [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] of two types of Golgi-stained neurons from the cerebellum of a pigeon](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PurkinjeCell.jpg?width=200 "Drawing by [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] of two types of Golgi-stained neurons from the cerebellum of a pigeon")
![epileptic seizure]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spike-waves.png?width=200 "epileptic seizure]]")
Википедия
The general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers conduct sensory impulses (usually pain or reflex sensations) from the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system. They are considered to be part of the visceral nervous system, which is closely related to the autonomic nervous system, but 'visceral nervous system' and 'autonomic nervous system' are not direct synonyms and care should be taken when using these terms. Unlike the efferent fibers of the autonomic nervous system, the afferent fibers are not classified as either sympathetic or parasympathetic.
GVA fibers create referred pain by activating general somatic afferent fibers where the two meet in the posterior grey column.
The cranial nerves that contain GVA fibers include the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and the vagus nerve (CN X).
Generally, they are insensitive to cutting, crushing or burning; however, excessive tension in smooth muscle and some pathological conditions produce visceral pain (referred pain).
